ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PARAMETERS OF THE GRAIN MARKET IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of the grain market in Ukraine. It is established that the main function of the grain market is to fully satisfy the needs of the country's residents in various types of grain and products of its technological processing at a market price. It is established that through integration processes, there has been a significant consolidation of the agricultural business, the formation of such integrated business entities as, for example, agricultural holdings, which in turn has increased grain production by almost 3.5 times since 2000. It is established that the largest gross harvest is observed among enterprises that have more than 3000.0 hectares of arable land. The article determines the segmentation of the grain market by the types of intended use of grain as a commodity: food segment (for the production of flour, cereals, bakery and confectionery products, and other food products); fodder grain (for feeding animals, both in pure form and in the form of mixed fodder); technical grain (for the production of alcohol and other products); seed grain (as seeds for sowing). The grain market serves as a suitable environment for the formation of relations between grain producers and consumers, and is a kind of tool for harmonizing their financial and economic interests. These relations take on a competitive character, which in turn leads to a corresponding incentive effect, and forces producers, due to their dependence on consumers, to forecast their own production, calculate the market structure, and accordingly, to carry out a more complete saturation of the market, as well as to ensure and satisfy public needs for grain and grain products. The organizational structure of the grain market is presented. The specific features of the grain market are determined. The parameters of the grain market are determined. It is established that the stability of the grain market is primarily influenced by the price situation: in the event of a fall in grain prices, the domestic market enters a state of "anxiety", and it does not return to the state of "equilibrium" immediately. This process can be regulated by the state through corrective influence on the market situation by means of procurement interventions, expansion of exports and quotas, and other measures that will increase aggregate demand and stabilize the market price.