FORMATION OF TOOLS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ECOSYSTEM CHANGES ON THE STATE OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Abstract
The article examines the concept of ecosystem, ecosystem services and their importance for modern economic systems. Special attention is paid to the issues of changes in ecosystems, as well as the positive and negative impact caused by these changes. A study of Ukrainian and foreign scientific works, which offer various methods of economic evaluation of ecosystem services and changes in ecosystems in general, has been conducted. The main zones of influence of ecosystems on economic activity have been determined. The consequences of changes in forest and field ecosystems are demonstrated on the example of the beekeeping industry. It is shown how ecosystem changes open up new opportunities for small and medium-sized businesses. The dynamic application model "activity impulses – load – state – exposure – result – actions" (DPSIR) is considered, which is used to assess the state of sestainability ecological and economic systems of different levels. The component models of DPSIR were analyzed and further directions for its improvement were proposed. Individual components of natural systems that increase the level of sustainability of not only ecological systems, but also economic ones are analyzed. In particular, the functions of pollinating insects , which perform the ecosystem function of pollination of entomophilous plants, were analyzed, which contributes to the increase of qualitative and quantitative productivity indicators, as well as the preservation of plant and animal species. At the same time, individual economic factors of growth are not sestain in nature. In particular, the use of insecticides and other plant protection products is cost-effective only in the short term. In a broader temporal context, such practices lead to significant ecosystem and economic losses. The materials of the article can be useful for representatives of small and medium-sized businesses whose activities are related to natural ecosystem resources, and for those who are ready to invest their intellectual and financial capital in modern ecological directions of management.
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